Mpempe ọla kọpa, mpempe ọla kọpa a yiri ka ọ dị mfe, nwere usoro nrụpụta siri ike ma dị mgbagwoju anya. Usoro a na-agụnyekarị mmịpụta na nnụcha ọla kọpa, imepụta foil ọla kọpa, na usoro nhazi mgbe emechara.
Nzọụkwụ mbụ bụ mmịpụta na nnụcha ọla kọpa. Dị ka data sitere na United States Geological Survey (USGS), mmepụta ọla kọpa zuru ụwa ọnụ ruru nde tọn 20 na 2021 (USGS, 2021). Mgbe mwepụtachara ọla kọpa, site na usoro dị ka ịzọpịa, igwe nri na flotation, ọla kọpa na-etinye ihe dị ka 30% ọdịnaya ọla kọpa nwere ike nweta. Ọla kọpa ndị a na-etinye uche na-emezigharị usoro nnụcha, gụnyere mgbaze, nnụcha ihe ntụgharị na electrolysis, n'ikpeazụ na-enye ọla kọpa electrolytic na ịdị ọcha ruru 99.99%.
Na-esote usoro mmepụta nke foil ọla kọpa, nke nwere ike kewaa ụzọ abụọ dabere na usoro mmepụta: foil ọla kọpa electrolytic na foil ọla kọpa akpọrepu.
A na-eme foil ọla kọpa electrolytic site na usoro electrolytic. N'ime cell electrolytic, ọla kọpa anode ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-agbaze n'okpuru ọrụ nke electrolyte, na ions ọla kọpa, nke ugbu a na-akwagharị, na-aga n'ihu cathode ma na-emepụta ihe nkwụnye ọla kọpa na elu cathode. Ọkpụrụkpụ nke ọla kọpa electrolytic na-adịkarị site na 5 ruo 200 micrometers, nke enwere ike ịchịkwa ya nke ọma dịka mkpa nke teknụzụ sekit sekit (PCB) siri dị (Yu, 1988).
N'aka nke ọzọ, a na-eji ígwè rụọ foil ọla kọpa a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ. Malite na mpempe ọla kọpa ọtụtụ milimita gbara ọkpụrụkpụ, a na-eji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-akpụ ya site n'ịtụgharị, na-emecha mepụta foil ọla kọpa nwere ọkpụrụkpụ na ọkwa micrometer (Coombs Jr., 2007). Ụdị mkpuchi ọla kọpa a nwere ihu dị nro karịa ọla kọpa electrolytic, mana usoro mmepụta ya na-eri ike karịa.
Mgbe emechara ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa, ọ na-adịkarị mkpa ka a na-emezigharị ya, gụnyere nchicha, ọgwụgwọ elu, wdg, iji meziwanye arụmọrụ ya. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ịhịa aka n'ahụ nwere ike ịkwalite ductility na ike siri ike nke foil ọla kọpa, ebe ọgwụgwọ elu (dị ka oxidation ma ọ bụ mkpuchi) nwere ike ịkwalite nguzogide corrosion na nrapado nke foil ọla kọpa.
Na nchịkọta, ọ bụ ezie na mmepụta na usoro mmepụta nke ihe mkpuchi ọla kọpa dị mgbagwoju anya, mmepụta ngwaahịa nwere mmetụta dị ukwuu na ndụ anyị nke oge a. Nke a bụ ngosipụta nke ọganihu teknụzụ, na-agbanwe akụ ndị sitere n'okike ka ọ bụrụ ngwaahịa teknụzụ dị elu site na usoro nrụpụta ziri ezi.
Otú ọ dị, usoro nke ịmepụta foil ọla kọpa na-ewetakwa ụfọdụ ihe ịma aka, gụnyere oriri ike, mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi, wdg. Dị ka otu akụkọ si kwuo, mmepụta nke 1 ton nke ọla kọpa chọrọ ihe dị ka 220GJ nke ume, ma na-emepụta 2.2 tọn carbon dioxide emissions (Northey). et al., 2014). Ya mere, anyị kwesịrị ịchọta ụzọ dị mma na nke na-emetụta gburugburu ebe obibi iji mepụta foil ọla kọpa.
Otu ihe ngwọta nwere ike ime bụ iji ọla kọpa emegharịrị arụgharị iji mepụta foil ọla kọpa. A na-akọ na oriri ike nke imepụta ọla kọpa megharịrị bụ naanị 20% nke ọla kọpa bụ isi, ọ na-ebelata nrigbu nke akụ ọla kọpa (UNEP, 2011). Tụkwasị na nke ahụ, site na ọganihu nke nkà na ụzụ, anyị nwere ike ịmepụta usoro mmepụta ọla kọpa na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma na nke na-azọpụta ike, na-ebelata mmetụta gburugburu ebe obibi ha.
N'ikpeazụ, mmepụta na mmepụta usoro nke mkpuchi ọla kọpa bụ nkà na ụzụ nke jupụtara na nsogbu na ohere. N'agbanyeghị na anyị enweela ọganihu dị ukwuu, a ka nwere nnukwu ọrụ a ga-arụ iji hụ na mpempe ọla kọpa nwere ike gboo mkpa anyị kwa ụbọchị ma na-echekwa gburugburu anyị.
Oge nzipu: Jul-08-2023